CHEMISTRY PORTFOLIO
By; Nick Bolyard
Period 5
The octet rule is a simple rule that states that atoms can or tend to combine so that they have eight valence electrons in their outermost shell. The maximum number of electrons allowed is eight in the outermost shell
Now that you know what the octet rule is, you may find yourself asking, “What is a valence electron?” A valence electron is an electron, or up to eight (stated in Octet rule), that is in the outermost electron shell.
Now, there are also many differences between ions. There are anions and cations. The cations (notice the T), are positive ions. The anions (notice the first N), are negative ions. Below, there are two pictures. One picture represents a cation, and the other pictorially explains an anion.
CATION ANION
Na +1 S -2
The “pluses” and the “minuses” represent the number of valence electrons that it would take to fill the octet rule. The positive, plus one, means that the atom has to actually lose one electron due to the fact that electrons are negatively charged, and the same goes for the negative, or minus two for anions.
NOBLE GASES; GROUP 18
•
Helium; __ He
1s
For this element, it does not gain OR lose any electrons because it is already a noble gas.
••
NEON; __ __ __ __ __ ••Ne ••
1s 2s 2p 2p 2p ••
This element is another noble gas, which means that the outermost electron shell is full.
Argon; __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __
1s 2s 2p 2p 2p 3s 3p 3p 3p
••
•• Ar ••
••
This is another noble gas, which does not lose or gain ANY valence electrons.
HALOGENS; GROUP 17
FLOURINE; __ __ __ __ __
1s 2s 2p 2p 2p
••
••F••
•
The black arrow in the 3p column represents the arrow that is needed to fill the octet rule. This means that this specific element is a -1.
CHLORINE; __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __
•• 1s 2s 2p 2p 2p 3s 3p 3p 3p
••Cl••
•
Similar to Fluorine, Chlorine must gain one electron to fill the octet rule. This element, being similar to Fluorine, is -1 as well.
NON-METALS; GROUP 16
OXYGEN; __ __ __ __ __
1s 2s 2p 2p 2p
••
••O•
•
This element must gain two electrons to fulfill the octet rule, so the ionic charge for Oxygen is -2.
SULFUR; __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __
1s 2s 2p 2p 2p 3s 3p 3p 3p
••
••S•
•
This element has to gain 2 electrons to fulfill the octet rule, so the element is also a -2.
NON-METALS; GROUP 15
NITROGEN; __ __ __ __ __
1s 2s 2p 2p 2p
••
•N•
•
For the elements in group 15, they must all gain three electrons, so their charge is -3.
NON-METALS; GROUP 14
CARBON; __ __ __ __ __
1s 2s 2p 2p 2p
•
•C•
•
This element, along with the other non-metals in group 14, is very unique. These elements are neutral elements, that don’t know what to do with themselves. We are unsure on whether or not they will lose or gain any electrons at all, so they are neutral.
ALKALINE EARTH METALS; GROUP 2
BERYLLIUM; __ __
1s 2s
•
Be
•
Beryllium is a +2 because it loses two electrons.
MAGNESIUM; __ __ __ __ __ __
1s 2s 2p 2p 2p 3s
•
Mg
•
Magnesium is a lot like the other Alkaline Earth Metals, which means that it is +2 as well.
CALCIUM; __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __
1s 2s 2p 2p 2p 3s 3p 3p 3p 4s
•
Ca
•
Calcium, which is very similar to Magnesium and Beryllium, is also +2.
ALKALINE METALS; GROUP 1
“When the Saints came marching in”
HYDROGEN; _
1s
•
H
LITHIUM; __ __
1s 2s
•
Li
SODIUM; __ __ __ __ __ __
1s 2s 2p 2p 2p 3s
•
Na
POTASSIUM; __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __
1s 2s 2p 2p 2p 3s 3p 3p 3p 4s
The Alkaline Metals are a very unique group. This group is willing to give up their only valence electron.
Saturday, January 10, 2009
Thursday, January 8, 2009
9th Grade; Spanish Letter
Querida Jorge,
¿Como Estas? Tengo muy bien. ¿Tienes haces planes de la semana? Yo no tengo hacer planes de la semana. Pienso reunirse con mi familia. Es importante tu apuntar deberías dejarme en paz por favor. Yo necesito tu dejarme en paz porque yo estoy estresado. Debes ignorar mi y mi novia. Tú no haces novia. ¿Por qué sobre lo que estamos haciendo? Tú necesitas a novia. Chimi debe consígale una novia. Chimi ama hacer una cita de familia de periodo dos. Pienso una cita de Daisy.
Tú no gustas mi y mi novia, ignorar nosotros. ¿Por favor? Tu necesitas el pasa tiempo ocupado tu tiempo.
Gracias Señor,
Nick “Lalo Garcia” Bolyard
¿Como Estas? Tengo muy bien. ¿Tienes haces planes de la semana? Yo no tengo hacer planes de la semana. Pienso reunirse con mi familia. Es importante tu apuntar deberías dejarme en paz por favor. Yo necesito tu dejarme en paz porque yo estoy estresado. Debes ignorar mi y mi novia. Tú no haces novia. ¿Por qué sobre lo que estamos haciendo? Tú necesitas a novia. Chimi debe consígale una novia. Chimi ama hacer una cita de familia de periodo dos. Pienso una cita de Daisy.
Tú no gustas mi y mi novia, ignorar nosotros. ¿Por favor? Tu necesitas el pasa tiempo ocupado tu tiempo.
Gracias Señor,
Nick “Lalo Garcia” Bolyard
10th Grade; Anthony Munoz Paper; Spanish 3
Living Proof: Famous Hispanic American Anthony Munoz
Nick Bolyard
Professor Moore
Spanish 3 Period 8
21 October 2008
Many people just may see a professional football player as the guys that play on Sundays after Church. But there is more to them then that. Anthony Munoz, founder of the Anthony Munoz Foundation, and a Hall of Fame offensive lineman from the Cincinnati Bengals is living proof that there are more to football players than that.
Anthony Munoz was born August 19, 1958 in Ontario, California. His grandparents were from Chihuahua, Mexico, and moved to the United States. In his childhood years, Anthony was too big to play Pop Warner football. Instead of feeling bad for himself, Anthony became devoted to baseball. He played baseball until his freshmen year of high school. In high school Anthony played football, basketball and baseball for the Chaffey Tigers. After high school, Anthony attended the University of Southern California. At USC, Anthony played football and baseball. In his sophomore year, it became clear that he was better built for football, so he stopped playing baseball. In his senior season, he suffered many knee injuries. Anthony came back at the end of the season, and helped lead the USC football team to a National Championship victory against Ohio State, 17-16.
In 1980, Anthony Munoz was the 3rd overall pick in the 1st Round of the NFL Draft to the Cincinnati Bengals. During his 12 year playing career, all with the Bengals, Anthony had many accomplishments that have marked him as the greatest offensive lineman in the NFL. In his first season, he started at offensive tackle for the Bengals. In his career in Cincinnati, Anthony helped lead the Bengals to Super Bowls XVI, XXIII; he was awarded NFL Offensive Lineman of the Year in 1981, 1987, and 1988. Also during his career, he was elected to the Pro Bowl 11 straight times. He also caught 7 passes, 4 for touchdowns on tackle-eligible plays. He was also awarded All-Pro 11 straight years. Anthony Munoz also received one of the most prestigious awards during his days in the NFL, the Man of the Year Award. In 1998, Anthony Munoz became the first Bengals player to be inducted into the Pro Football Hall of Fame in Canton, Ohio. For his induction, Anthony had his son introduce him. He remains the only Bengals player in the Hall of Fame.
Off the field, Anthony Munoz became an icon and a role model to children in his community. In April of 2002, Anthony Munoz founded the Anthony Munoz Foundation. The entire goal of this foundation was to impact the lives of children mentally, physically and spiritually. During the short six years that AMF has been around, there has been many accomphishments. The AMF annually hosts the Hall of Fame Football Academy and Youth Leadership Seminars. Also, AMF annually presents the Lineman of the Year Award, and Straight “A” High School Senior of the Year. Also during the current time period, AMF has assisted 2 football camps in Guadalajara, Mexico.
Currently, Anthony Munoz can be found living with his family in a place that he has called home for 28 years, Cincinnati, Ohio. He lives with his wife DeDe and their two children Michael and Michelle. He can still be found to this day across the Cincinnati and Mason (suburb of Cincinnati) today. Anthony Munoz is living proof that there is a heart in the body of a football player.
Nick Bolyard
Professor Moore
Spanish 3 Period 8
21 October 2008
Many people just may see a professional football player as the guys that play on Sundays after Church. But there is more to them then that. Anthony Munoz, founder of the Anthony Munoz Foundation, and a Hall of Fame offensive lineman from the Cincinnati Bengals is living proof that there are more to football players than that.
Anthony Munoz was born August 19, 1958 in Ontario, California. His grandparents were from Chihuahua, Mexico, and moved to the United States. In his childhood years, Anthony was too big to play Pop Warner football. Instead of feeling bad for himself, Anthony became devoted to baseball. He played baseball until his freshmen year of high school. In high school Anthony played football, basketball and baseball for the Chaffey Tigers. After high school, Anthony attended the University of Southern California. At USC, Anthony played football and baseball. In his sophomore year, it became clear that he was better built for football, so he stopped playing baseball. In his senior season, he suffered many knee injuries. Anthony came back at the end of the season, and helped lead the USC football team to a National Championship victory against Ohio State, 17-16.
In 1980, Anthony Munoz was the 3rd overall pick in the 1st Round of the NFL Draft to the Cincinnati Bengals. During his 12 year playing career, all with the Bengals, Anthony had many accomplishments that have marked him as the greatest offensive lineman in the NFL. In his first season, he started at offensive tackle for the Bengals. In his career in Cincinnati, Anthony helped lead the Bengals to Super Bowls XVI, XXIII; he was awarded NFL Offensive Lineman of the Year in 1981, 1987, and 1988. Also during his career, he was elected to the Pro Bowl 11 straight times. He also caught 7 passes, 4 for touchdowns on tackle-eligible plays. He was also awarded All-Pro 11 straight years. Anthony Munoz also received one of the most prestigious awards during his days in the NFL, the Man of the Year Award. In 1998, Anthony Munoz became the first Bengals player to be inducted into the Pro Football Hall of Fame in Canton, Ohio. For his induction, Anthony had his son introduce him. He remains the only Bengals player in the Hall of Fame.
Off the field, Anthony Munoz became an icon and a role model to children in his community. In April of 2002, Anthony Munoz founded the Anthony Munoz Foundation. The entire goal of this foundation was to impact the lives of children mentally, physically and spiritually. During the short six years that AMF has been around, there has been many accomphishments. The AMF annually hosts the Hall of Fame Football Academy and Youth Leadership Seminars. Also, AMF annually presents the Lineman of the Year Award, and Straight “A” High School Senior of the Year. Also during the current time period, AMF has assisted 2 football camps in Guadalajara, Mexico.
Currently, Anthony Munoz can be found living with his family in a place that he has called home for 28 years, Cincinnati, Ohio. He lives with his wife DeDe and their two children Michael and Michelle. He can still be found to this day across the Cincinnati and Mason (suburb of Cincinnati) today. Anthony Munoz is living proof that there is a heart in the body of a football player.
10th Grade; Stanislavski Method; Acting Class
Nick Bolyard
Erin Engle
Acting 1 Period 2
29 September 2008
Concentration and Relaxation: The Stanislavski Method
There is more to acting than just memorizing lines and stage directions. There are also methods that actors use to help them while they are acting. Many of the methods that the present day actors use are from a man named Stanislavski. During my most reason play, I learned that these methods will help relax and make you better as an actor.
One of the theories in this method is concentration. In order to stay in character during my scene, I used a circle of attention. The circle of attention was a theory in the method as well. My circle of attention was on Devin, who played as Cyrano, and the black box that he would stand on. Due to the fact that this was a two person, and very limited scene, I would also act as if I was there. This was difficult for me because the play is based on a scene from the 16th century.
Another theory that I used from Stanislavski was relaxation. During most of my plays, I begin to shuffle of move my feet under pressure. An emotional point of tension was trying to stay in character and eliminating the sounds from the audience. As a performer, I learn to concentrate on certain things. For example, instead of listening to the audience, I try to focus on my fellow actor and what he is saying. To relieve the tension in my heels, I move my upper body when I am being approached instead of moving away from the action.
The final theory in the Stanislavski method is sensory recall. In my scene, there was a black box with a blue bench in upstage right, while the box was upstage left. The theory and remembering the stage setup are related because you have to remember the placement of everything on stage. This will help you as an actor because it helps increase how well you know the stage setup as if you have lived there your whole life.
There are more to acting than memorizing lines and stage directions. The method and the theories listed above help you as an actor because it increases your awareness of your surroundings, and it helps you relax during the play. In the next play I will do, I will make sure that I use this method to help me grow as a better actor.
Erin Engle
Acting 1 Period 2
29 September 2008
Concentration and Relaxation: The Stanislavski Method
There is more to acting than just memorizing lines and stage directions. There are also methods that actors use to help them while they are acting. Many of the methods that the present day actors use are from a man named Stanislavski. During my most reason play, I learned that these methods will help relax and make you better as an actor.
One of the theories in this method is concentration. In order to stay in character during my scene, I used a circle of attention. The circle of attention was a theory in the method as well. My circle of attention was on Devin, who played as Cyrano, and the black box that he would stand on. Due to the fact that this was a two person, and very limited scene, I would also act as if I was there. This was difficult for me because the play is based on a scene from the 16th century.
Another theory that I used from Stanislavski was relaxation. During most of my plays, I begin to shuffle of move my feet under pressure. An emotional point of tension was trying to stay in character and eliminating the sounds from the audience. As a performer, I learn to concentrate on certain things. For example, instead of listening to the audience, I try to focus on my fellow actor and what he is saying. To relieve the tension in my heels, I move my upper body when I am being approached instead of moving away from the action.
The final theory in the Stanislavski method is sensory recall. In my scene, there was a black box with a blue bench in upstage right, while the box was upstage left. The theory and remembering the stage setup are related because you have to remember the placement of everything on stage. This will help you as an actor because it helps increase how well you know the stage setup as if you have lived there your whole life.
There are more to acting than memorizing lines and stage directions. The method and the theories listed above help you as an actor because it increases your awareness of your surroundings, and it helps you relax during the play. In the next play I will do, I will make sure that I use this method to help me grow as a better actor.
10th Grade; Persuasive Essay
Paper, Plastic or Cloth: Shopping Bag Pollution
Nick Bolyard
Humanities 10
Mrs. Arnold
November 19, 2008
Did you know that one hundred thousand animals are killed because of….plastic bags? Plastic bags, compared to that of paper bags are the hardest to decompose. Due to the fact that plastic bags are made from oil, they take a longer amount of time to decompose. These plastic bags are easy to reuse, and recycle. There are many ways that you can stop the pollution and killing of animals due to plastic bags.
Some would say that paper bags are much easier to recycle. This is a false statement. According to reusable.com/facts, it takes ninety-one percent less energy to recycle one pound of plastic bags compared to the same amount of paper bags. Plastic bags are made from oil. This makes it easy for plastic bags to be melted down and reformed. Paper bags are made from trees. Both of which are a negative on our economy right now. If all of the oil industries made only oil, gas prices would go down and the recession that we are in would end. The making of paper bags is just as bad for the economy. Paper bags kill trees, which is hurting our global warming situation.
Although it is true that paper bags are much easier than plastic bags for the simple things like groceries and lunch, plastic can be used for a wide variety of things. According to California against Waste, only one to four percent of all 14 billion plastic items in California get recycled. So which one is better, paper or plastic? The truth is that they are both have the same number of advantages and disadvantages. There is a new solution to this problem. The new solution is a way to be “eco-sensible” according to The Cloth Bag Company. This new cloth bag is able to be recycled for anything. This bag has the ability to be used constantly for simple things, include hardware. Cloth bags also have the ability to hold up to forty pounds according to The Cloth Bag Company. Plastic bags are easier and more efficient for wet clothing, but should always be recycled.
Even though these bags are seemingly harmless, not recycling or reusing plastic bags could kill another innocent animal. In the California bay area, according to California against Waste, approximately eighty-six of all known species of sea turtles have had reported problems due to plastic bags. These are not the only problems. These plastic bags need to be recycled so that these turtles do not have this problem. When plastic bags and paper bags are thrown away, they take up most of the landfills. Also, according to The Cloth Bag Company, plastic produces fourteen percent of the toxic air emissions in the United States. Recycling plastic bags would save the lives of animals, and would free up landfills for the things are not able to be recycled. Most importantly, recycling plastic bags would also clean the air that we breathe.
There are still ways that you can stop this pollution. Paper and plastic bags are killing our environment. It is okay to use them, as long as they are recycled properly. Cloth is the best choice. Paper kills trees, plastic takes our oil, and cloth is made in a factory. All of which produce pollution. Cloth has the ability to be reused for anything, while paper and plastic rip easier. Many of the problems that our society has today are due to pollution. Pollution is simple to stop. Reduce the use of paper and plastic, reuse them, and recycle them when you are finished with the bag. So the next time you go to the grocery, which one will you choose, paper, plastic, or cloth?
Works Cited
“The problem with Plastic Bags.” California against Waste. 2007-2008. Found 12 Nov. 2008
“Paper Bags better than Plastic, Right?” 2007. Found 12 Nov. 2008
The Cloth Bag Company. 2000-2008. Found 19 Nov. 2008
Nick Bolyard
Humanities 10
Mrs. Arnold
November 19, 2008
Did you know that one hundred thousand animals are killed because of….plastic bags? Plastic bags, compared to that of paper bags are the hardest to decompose. Due to the fact that plastic bags are made from oil, they take a longer amount of time to decompose. These plastic bags are easy to reuse, and recycle. There are many ways that you can stop the pollution and killing of animals due to plastic bags.
Some would say that paper bags are much easier to recycle. This is a false statement. According to reusable.com/facts, it takes ninety-one percent less energy to recycle one pound of plastic bags compared to the same amount of paper bags. Plastic bags are made from oil. This makes it easy for plastic bags to be melted down and reformed. Paper bags are made from trees. Both of which are a negative on our economy right now. If all of the oil industries made only oil, gas prices would go down and the recession that we are in would end. The making of paper bags is just as bad for the economy. Paper bags kill trees, which is hurting our global warming situation.
Although it is true that paper bags are much easier than plastic bags for the simple things like groceries and lunch, plastic can be used for a wide variety of things. According to California against Waste, only one to four percent of all 14 billion plastic items in California get recycled. So which one is better, paper or plastic? The truth is that they are both have the same number of advantages and disadvantages. There is a new solution to this problem. The new solution is a way to be “eco-sensible” according to The Cloth Bag Company. This new cloth bag is able to be recycled for anything. This bag has the ability to be used constantly for simple things, include hardware. Cloth bags also have the ability to hold up to forty pounds according to The Cloth Bag Company. Plastic bags are easier and more efficient for wet clothing, but should always be recycled.
Even though these bags are seemingly harmless, not recycling or reusing plastic bags could kill another innocent animal. In the California bay area, according to California against Waste, approximately eighty-six of all known species of sea turtles have had reported problems due to plastic bags. These are not the only problems. These plastic bags need to be recycled so that these turtles do not have this problem. When plastic bags and paper bags are thrown away, they take up most of the landfills. Also, according to The Cloth Bag Company, plastic produces fourteen percent of the toxic air emissions in the United States. Recycling plastic bags would save the lives of animals, and would free up landfills for the things are not able to be recycled. Most importantly, recycling plastic bags would also clean the air that we breathe.
There are still ways that you can stop this pollution. Paper and plastic bags are killing our environment. It is okay to use them, as long as they are recycled properly. Cloth is the best choice. Paper kills trees, plastic takes our oil, and cloth is made in a factory. All of which produce pollution. Cloth has the ability to be reused for anything, while paper and plastic rip easier. Many of the problems that our society has today are due to pollution. Pollution is simple to stop. Reduce the use of paper and plastic, reuse them, and recycle them when you are finished with the bag. So the next time you go to the grocery, which one will you choose, paper, plastic, or cloth?
Works Cited
“The problem with Plastic Bags.” California against Waste. 2007-2008. Found 12 Nov. 2008
“Paper Bags better than Plastic, Right?” 2007. Found 12 Nov. 2008
The Cloth Bag Company. 2000-2008. Found 19 Nov. 2008
Subscribe to:
Posts (Atom)